Overweight and obesity are growing health problems in Brazil, affecting millions of people and increasing the risk of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular problems.
Do you know how these conditions are defined and what their differences are? In this article, we will explain the distinctions between overweight and obesity, their social, economic and biological impacts, as well as highlighting the most vulnerable groups and possible ways to face this challenge.
What is the difference between overweight and obesity?
Overweight and obesity are conditions related to being overweight, but with important differences. Both are evaluated based on the Body Mass Index (BMI), but have different degrees of impact on health:
- Overweight: initial stage, with BMI between 25 and 29.9. Although it may not cause immediate symptoms, it is associated with an increased risk of diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
- Obesity: occurs when the BMI is equal to or greater than 30, and is considered a chronic disease. It is associated with more serious complications, such as cardiovascular disease and a higher risk of mortality.
Currently, 20.1% of Brazilians suffer from obesity, according to the National Health Survey (PNS).
Projections and vulnerabilities
Based on data from the PNS and the 2022 Family Budget Survey (POF), both from IBGE, it is projected that the obesity rate in Brazil could reach 24.5% by 2030, if current growth continues.
Low-income populations are more vulnerable due to the consumption of cheap and high-calorie foods, lack of access to nutritional information and low education. These factors result in an imbalance between caloric consumption and expenditure.
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Obesity throughout life
THE FGV EESP studyfrom 2023, highlights the importance of a multidimensional approach to dealing with obesity, considering its direct and indirect causes. Childhood obesity is a determining factor in the risk of obesity throughout life, influenced by factors such as early interruption of breastfeeding and a sedentary lifestyle.
Currently, only 6% of children and adolescents are obese. However, the risk increases significantly with aging, making it more difficult to reverse the condition in adult life.
Differences by gender
Although overweight is more prevalent in men (39%) than in women (34%), obesity affects more women (22% versus 18%). In men, excessive weight is related to abdominal accumulation and greater cardiovascular risk, while hormonal and biological factors have a greater impact on women.
The study suggests that the WHO criteria for classifying BMI be revised, considering gender differences in the categorization of obesity.
What are the health consequences?
Obesity and overweight are associated with several health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, depression and metabolic changes.
The accumulation of fat, especially in the abdominal region, increases the risk of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and atherosclerotic processes, increasing the likelihood of serious complications, such as arterial hardening and the accumulation of fatty plaques.
Paths to care and prevention
Care for obesity requires broad and humanized strategies, considering biological, environmental and social factors. An efficient approach includes a diet based on natural and minimally processed foods, physical activity and combating stigmatization.
Prioritizing fresh and regional foods, rich in nutrients and with a low caloric impact, helps to reduce inflammation and prevent diseases, promoting a healthier and more balanced life.
Yes, obesity presents a greater risk to health and can cause more serious illnesses, while being overweight, although less dangerous, can already have an impact on the body.
No. Overweight is a milder condition, while obesity is a more advanced and worrying stage of being overweight.
